It is understood in the chemical world that solutions with homogeneous mixtures composed of two substances, the one that dissolves, and the solvent, which are known by the terms solute and solvent.
Among these solutions are the empirical solutions, which include all those for which it is not possible to know exactly how much solute a solvent can dissolve, and the valued ones that would translate as the opposite effect of the previous ones.
There are several factors that must be determined to know the amounts of solute in a solution, but to know what they are, one must first delve deeper into what the valued solutions are.
What are valued solutions?
They are all those in which the amounts of solvent needed to dissolve a solute are accurately determined, which are very important in science and technology, because they contain processes in which there can be no margin of error.
Components of the valued solutions
In all solutions there are the same components that are the solvents, which act as the dissolving factor, and the solutes, which are the substances to be dissolved, which are generally in smaller quantities than the solvent.
Types of solutions valued
The existence of three types of valued solutions can be noted, which are elemental, ionic and formulated.
Elementary solutions
They are obtained starting from solutions of other compounds, which are formed by elements only in the pure and natural state.
Ionic Solutions
It is that solution in which when the solute dissolves in the solvent it dissociates into ions or decomposes, the most common example of this solution is that of salt in water, since it decomposes its ions in those of the liquid that causes the dissolution.
Formulated solutions
They are basically substances based on the calculation of the elements and the atomic weight that make up it.
How to calculate the values of the substances?
To calculate the values of a solution, it is necessary to know which are the substances in which the procedure is going to be applied, by which it will be guided to proceed to use the physical units or the chemical units.
In chemical units are molarity, and normality while in physical units are the mass of the solute and its volume.
Chemical units
- Molarity: It is the measure that can be found of solute in a solution, whether of ionic, molecular or atomic character, which normally the factor that alters it is the temperature. In chemistry it is known as the molar concentration, this is defined by the letter M.
- Normal: It is defined as the relationship that exists between the amount of solute, with that of the solvent.
- Physical units
- Mass percentage by mass: is the percentage of ml of solute that is in a solution for every 100 grams of the dissolving substance.
- Volume percent by mass: is the percentage of grams of a solute that has a solution for every 100 ml of solvent.
- Volume percentage by volume: refers to the amount in millimeters or cubic centimeters of solute per 100 cubic centimeters or millimeters of solvent.
It should be noted that for these processes it is necessary to know that the concentration is the relationship that exists between the amount of solute and the amount of solvent that exists in a solution, which can be expressed in all the ways seen above.
Just as it is also very important to know the solubility of substances, which are the ability of a solute to dilute in a solvent, which will depend on temperature and pressure, this is calculated by taking the percentages of molarity and normality.
Differences between valued and empirical solutions
The main difference between these two solutions is that the empirical ones are those in which the exact amount of solute in a solution cannot be determined, and the valued ones are those that, as their name says, have values, that is, their components are calculable.
It could be said that empirical solutions are those that are carried out by trial and error, while the evaluated ones are planned and usually perfect, since there can be no margin of error at the time of carrying them out, because they have a certain amount of the substances. to mix.
How to get a valued solution?
The results that can be obtained from the titrated solutions are carried out by means of some exercises in which everything seen in this article is applied, in order to determine the level of solubility of each component.
To determine this, the determining factors must be taken into account: the temperature of the substances, the pressure at home of being gases, the nature of both solvents and solvents, the presence of ions, the pH of the solution and the presence of complex agents.
The solubility depends on the factors KPS indicates the ionic capacity of the substances providing them, some examples of the proportions of solubility can be mentioned.
- Compound: barium cremate, formula: caBO3, KPS at 25 degrees Celsius 2.58 × 10
- Compound: barium fluoride, formula baF2, KPS at 25º degrees Celsius 1.84 × 10
- Compound: aluminum hydroxide, formula Al8HO) 3, KPS At 25º degrees Celsius 3 × 10
As well as carefully observing the concentration levels of the substances, which in turn help to determine their solubility levels.
Analyzing its volume and mass, depending on the substance, and in turn knowing its molar values or molar concentration, the values of a substance will be known, this is usually practiced through meticulous procedures which can be somewhat complex.
An example of a level of solubility could be that of sugar, which at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, has a capacity to dilute 1330 grams of it for each liter of water, although it is a slow process, it can be achieved, this would take around 30 minutes to get it.